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Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a climbing plant from the Amazon whose seeds have the highest caffeine content of all known natural plants – up to 4–8% caffeine compared to ~1–2% in coffee beans. Thanks to its complex plant matrix, caffeine is released more slowly than with pure caffeine.
In addition to caffeine, guarana contains a range of other xanthine alkaloids and antioxidants:
| Compound | Content | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine | 3.6–5.8% (seeds) | Adenosine antagonism, stimulation, focus |
| Theobromine | ~0.3% | Mild stimulant, bronchodilatory |
| Theophylline | ~0.15% | Bronchodilatory, weak stimulant |
| Tannins | 12% | Slow caffeine release; astringent |
| Catechins, Epicatechins | Variable | Antioxidant, cardioprotective |
| Saponins | Variable | Anti-inflammatory |
| Property | Guarana | Pure Caffeine |
|---|---|---|
| Onset of action | Slower (~60–90 min.) | Faster (~30–45 min.) |
| Duration of action | Longer (due to tannin binding) | Shorter |
| Peak caffeine concentration | Flatter curve | Steeper peak |