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Ginkgo Biloba – Blood Circulation, Memory, and Antioxidants
What is Ginkgo Biloba?
Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest living tree species in the world – a "living fossil" with a history spanning over 200 million years. The leaves of the ginkgo tree have been used for millennia in traditional Chinese medicine. Today, standardized ginkgo leaf extract (EGb 761) is one of the world's best-selling herbal supplements and is extensively researched. The main active ingredients are flavonol glycosides (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin) and terpene lactones (ginkgolides, bilobalides).
Biochemical Mechanism of Action
Ginkgo works through several mechanisms: The flavonoid fraction neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects nerve cells from oxidative stress. Terpene lactones – especially ginkgolides A, B, and C – inhibit platelet-activating factor (PAF), which reduces platelet aggregation and improves microcirculation. Bilobalide protects mitochondria in neurons and supports synaptic transmission. Additionally, Ginkgo increases the release of NO (nitric oxide), which dilates blood vessels and improves blood flow – particularly in the brain and extremities.
Scientifically Proven Effects
| Effect | Evidence Level | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|
| Improvement of microcirculation | Strong (several RCTs, meta-analyses) | Moderate |
| Cognitive support (memory, concentration) | Moderate–Strong (numerous studies) | Low–Moderate |
| Slowing down of cognitive decline | Moderate (several studies in older adults) | Low–Moderate |
| Tinnitus relief | Moderate (mixed results) | Low |
| Improvement in peripheral arterial occlusive disease | Strong (several RCTs) | Moderate |
Dosage & Intake
| Goal | Recommended Dose | Time of Intake |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive support / memory | 120–240 mg extract (EGb 761) daily | Divided into 2 doses |
| Promotion of blood circulation | 120–160 mg/day | Morning and midday |
| Cognitive maintenance (prevention) | 120 mg/day | Daily with a meal |
Ginkgo extract should be standardized to 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones (EGb 761). Initial effects often appear only after 4–6 weeks. Ginkgo fruits and raw seeds contain ginkgolic acid and are toxic – use only standardized extracts.
Synergies & Combinations
Ginkgo combines excellently with Bacopa Monnieri for synergistic cognitive effects. L-Theanine and caffeine complement short-term concentration enhancement. Omega-3 fatty acids support neuronal membrane function and have a synergistic neuroprotective effect. Phosphatidylserine is another useful combination for cognitive performance.
Possible Side Effects & Contraindications
Ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation and thus increases the risk of bleeding – particular caution is advised when taken concurrently with anticoagulants (warfarin, aspirin). Ginkgo should be discontinued at least 2 weeks before surgical procedures. Rarely, headaches, stomach problems, or allergic reactions may occur. In cases of epilepsy, medical consultation is necessary, as Ginkgo can affect the seizure threshold.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Does Ginkgo help with dementia?
Several studies show a moderate slowing of cognitive decline in dementia. Ginkgo is even approved as a medicine for this indication in Germany. However, it is not a cure and cannot reverse the disease.
Can Ginkgo also improve cognition in young, healthy people?
Yes, some studies show improvements in memory and processing speed even in healthy subjects, especially under stress-related cognitive load.
How long can I take Ginkgo?
Ginkgo can be taken long-term. Most studies run for 12–24 weeks. For continuous use, a doctor should be consulted regularly, especially if other medications are being taken.
Conclusion
Ginkgo Biloba is a well-researched supplement with clear benefits for circulation and cognitive function. Especially older individuals, people with concentration problems, or poor microcirculation benefit from a standardized EGb 761 extract – regular intake over several months is key to success.
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